Your Family Physician
Saturday, May 23, 2009
Brain Development Altered in Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder
"This study suggests that earlier developing brain areas, such as subcortical areas (which controls motoric behavior), may influence the development of later developing brain areas, such as the prefrontal cortex (which plays a major role in executive functions)," Dr. Jeffrey A. Stanley from Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, told Reuters Health.
Dr. Stanley and colleagues used phosphorus 31 spectroscopy methods to investigate alterations in membrane phospholipid precursor levels in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex of 31 children with ADHD and 36 healthy comparison subjects.
"In vivo 31P spectroscopy is a sensitive tool in assessing cortical development, an approach that may be more sensitive than anatomical MRI studies," Dr. Stanley explained. "In vivo 31P spectroscopy has the potential of assessing these developmental changes over time."
Compared with healthy controls, children with ADHD had significantly lower bilateral membrane phospholipids precursor levels in the basal ganglia and higher membrane phospholipid precursor levels in the inferior parietal region (particularly on the right side), the authors report.
These changes were most notable in older children with ADHD when compared with their healthy counterparts, the researchers note.
"These findings, which corrected for the proportion of gray matter tissue volume within the 31P spectroscopy voxels in the analyses, are consistent with MRI studies noting structural changes in these regions," the investigators say.
Dr. Stanley hopes to conduct "a large longitudinal study" to investigate the biochemical changes in children and adolescents with ADHD compared with those in healthy children.
"We hope to be more accurate in identifying when and where in the brain these developmental deviations occur, which would position us well to address whether treatment regimens can in fact reverse the course of illness (e.g., using cognitive behavioral therapy along with psychostimulants)," Dr. Stanley said.
Source : http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/585507
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